SIMPLE
TENSES
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Affirmative
Present
Verb
from without any change.
Except
3rd person singular (HE/SHE/IT): verb form + -(E)S
Past
Regular verbs: verb
form + -ED
Irregular verbs:
second column of irregular verb list.
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Negative
Present
We need auxiliary
verb: DO+NOT (DON'T) + verb form
Except 3rd
person singular (HE/SHE/IT): DOES+NOT (DOESN'T) + verb form
Past
We need auxiliary verb
in the past: DID+NOT (DIDN'T) + verb form
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Interrogative
We need auxiliary
verb: DO + subject + verb form?
We need auxiliary verb
in the past: DID + subject + verb form?
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CONTINUOUS
TENSES
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Affirmative
BE
(in any tense) + -ING form of verb
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Negative
BE
NOT (in any tense) + -ING form of verb
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Interrogative
BE
(in any tense) + subject + -ING form of verb
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PERFECT
TENSES
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Affirmative
HAVE
(in any tense) + PAST PARTICIPLE (reg: -ED / irreg: 3rd
column verb list)
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Negative
HAVE
NOT (in any tense) + PAST PARTICIPLE (reg: -ED / irreg: 3rd
column verb list)
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Interrogative
HAVE
(in any tense) + subject + PAST PARTICIPLE (reg: -ED / irreg: 3rd
column verb list)
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MODAL
VERBS
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Affirmative
MODAL
VERB + verb form in infinitive (without to)*
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Negative
MODAL
VERB+NOT + verb form in infinitive (without to)*
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Interrogative
MODAL
VERB + subject + verb form in infinitive (without to)*
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* except OUGHT TO and
some semimodals: HAVE TO / BE ABLE TO
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PASSIVE
TENSES
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Affirmative
BE
(in any tense) + PAST PARTICIPLE (reg: -ED / irreg: 3rd
column verb list)
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Negative
BE
NOT (in any tense) + PAST PARTICIPLE (reg: -ED / irreg: 3rd
column verb list)
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Interrogative
BE
(in any tense) + subject + PAST PARTICIPLE (reg: -ED / irreg: 3rd
column verb list)
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